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    Exam Review

    1. Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with Kussmaul respirations?
      A)Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
      B)Asthma
      C)Diabetic ketoacidosis
      D)Pneumonia
    2. A nurse is caring for a client who has progressing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which of the following laboratory results would the nurse expect to find in the client's electronic health record?
      A)Urine albumin increasing
      B)Proteinuria decreasing, or decreased protein in the urine
      C)Creatinine decreasing
      D)Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increasing
    3. The nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and a history of asthma. The nurse reviews the provider's orders and recognizes that clarification is needed for which of the following medications?
      A)Captopril
      B)Fluticasone
      C)Isosorbide dinitrate
      D)Carvedilol
    4. A nurse is caring for a client who has just completed a hemodialysis session. Which of the following assessment findings requires follow-up?
      A)Slight weight loss
      B)Clear lung sounds
      C)A blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg
      D)Mild fatigue
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    Exam Review

    1. A patient has just completed radiation therapy for breast cancer. During a follow-up appointment, which patient statement would indicate a need for further education regarding skin care?
      A)I should wear loose-fitting clothing over the treated area.
      B)I should avoid using perfumed lotions on the treated area.
      C)I can use a heating pad to relieve discomfort in the treated area.
      D)It's important to protect the treated area from direct sunlight.
    2. A nurse is planning a menu for a client who has folic acid deficiency anemia. Which of the following foods should the nurse include as high in folate?
      A)1⁄2 cup of asparagus
      B)4 slices of roast beef
      C)1⁄4 cup of olives
      D)1 cup part-skim mozzarella cheese
    3. A patient with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is prescribed Carafate (sucralfate). What is the primary action of this medication in managing PUD?
      A)Carafate neutralizes gastric acid to reduce irritation.
      B)Carafate inhibits proton pumps to decrease acid production.
      C)Carafate enhances gastric emptying to prevent reflux.
      D)Carafate forms a protective barrier over the ulcer site.
    4. A patient with a suspected gastrointestinal bleed is admitted to the emergency department. The patient presents with hypotension, tachycardia, and black tarry stools, which initial intervention should the nurse prioritize?
      A)insert a nasogastric tube to assess for ongoing bleeding.
      B)Administer intravenous fluids to stabilize blood pressure.
      C)Administer proton pump inhibitors to reduce gastric acid.
      D)Prepare the patient for an endoscopic examination.
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    Exam Review

    1. The nurse caring for a client in ICU diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome should prioritize monitoring for which potential complication?
      A)Hyperglycemia
      B)Diarrhea
      C)Respiratory failure
      D)Hypertension
    2. A nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client who has congestive heart failure. Which of the following client statements indicates to the nurse that the teaching was effective?
      A)"I plan to slow down if I am tired the day after exercising
      B)"I will not need to limit my salt intake
      C)"I will take my diuretic before sleep and drink fluids during the day."
      D)"I should use check my weight once a week"
    3. A nurse is assessing a client who has mitral valve stenosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
      A)Bradycardia
      B)Clubbing of the fingers
      C)Barrel chest
      D)A heart murmur
    4. A nurse is caring for a client who has a suspected diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. The provider prescribes a Tensilon test. Which of the following findings indicates a positive test?
      A)Electrical charge in a muscle increases in intensity.
      B)Muscle strength shows no change.
      C)Muscle contractions become progressively stronger.
      D)A pill-rolling tremor appears.
    Page 3 of 12

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The client tells the nurse. "I can feel the congestion in my lungs, and I certainly cough a lot, but I can't seem to bring anything up." Which of the following actions should the nurse take to help this client with tenacious bronchial secretions?
      A)Maintaining a semi-Fowler's position as often as possible
      B)Administering oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 L/min
      C)Helping the client select a low-salt diet
      D)Encouraging the client to drink 2 to 3 L of water daily
    2. A 32-year-old client comes to the clinic with complaints of fatigue, muscle aches, and a rash on the thigh. The nurse observes a circular, red lesion with central clearing, resembling a bull's-eye. The client mentions having recently been on a camping trip in a wooded area. What is the most appropriate initial nursing action?
      A)Administer a dose of doxycycline as prescribed by the healthcare provider.
      B)Assess the client for signs of neurological involvement, such as facial palsy.
      C)Initiate a discussion about safe hiking practices to prevent tick bites.
      D)Schedule the client for serological testing for Lyme disease.
    3. A nurse is assessing a client who has bradycardia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
      A)Anxiety
      B)Lightheadedness
      C)Elevated temperature
      D)Fluid volume deficit
    4. A nurse is teaching a client who has acute kidney injury about the oliguric phase. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
      A)Urine output is less than 400 ml. per 24 hr.
      B)The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) recovers.
      C)Renal function is reestablished.
      D)BUN and creatinine levels decrease.
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    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is assessing a client who has infective endocarditis. Which of the following findings should be the priority for the nurse to report to the provider?
      A)Splinter hemorrhages to the nails
      B)Fever
      C)Clusters of petechiae in the mouth
      D)Dyspnea
    2. A nurse is assessing a client who has pulmonary tuberculosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
      A)High-grade fever
      B)Weight gain
      C)Lethargy
      D)Dry cough
    3. Which of the following findings is most commonly associated with pleural effusion during a respiratory assessment?
      A)Increased tactile fremitus over the affected area
      B)Wheezing heard on auscultation over the affected area
      C)Dulliness to percussion over the affected area
      D)Hyperresonance to percussion over the affected area
    4. A patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is being managed with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). During a follow-up visit, the patient reports new onset diarrhea and abdominal pain. What is the nurse's priority action in this scenario?
      A)Recommend increasing fiber intake to manage diarrhea symptoms
      B)Advise the patient to use an over-the-counter antidiarrheal medication.
      C)Instruct the patient to discontinue the PPI immediately.
      D)Assess the patient for signs of Clostridium difficile infection.
    Page 5 of 12

    Exam Review

    1. A 20-year-old male presents to the emergency department with acute right lower quadrant (RLQ) abdominal pain, nausea, and fever. During the physical examination, the nurse performs an assessment to evaluate for appendicitis. Which of the following findings would be most indicative of appendicitis?
      A)Dull pain in the left upper quadrant
      B)Hyperactive bowel sounds throughout the abdomen
      C)Pain relief when the right leg is flexed
      D)Rebound tenderness at McBurney's point
    2. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for a patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) experiencing difficulty breathing due to increased secretions?
      A)increasing the patient's fluid intake to 500 ml daily
      B)Administering bronchodilators as prescribed
      C)Encouraging the patient to lie flat to rest
      D)Applying a cold compress to the patient's chest
    3. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new arteriovenous fistula in the right forearm. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching as a possible indication of venous insufficiency?
      A)A raised red rash around the fistula site
      B)Foul-smelling drainage from the fistula site
      C)Pain in the right arm proximal to the fistula site
      D)Cold and numb numbness distal to the fistula site
    4. Which of the following is the most effective Indicator of improved ventilation in a patient with COPD after a nursing intervention?
      A)Cyanosis of the lips and fingertips
      B)Increased use of bronchodilator medications
      C)Increased respiratory rate
      D)Decreased use of accessory muscles during breathing
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