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    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is caring for several clients with varying conditions. Based on your knowledge of factors influencing metabolic rate, which of the following factors should the nurse recognize as increasing a client's metabolic rate? (Select all that apply)(SATA)
      A)Exposure to extreme temperatures.
      B)Opioid use.
      C)Sedentary lifestyle.
      D)Prolonged stress.
    2. A nurse is caring for a malnourished client beginning enteral feeding. Which action best demonstrates an understanding of the need for gradual transitional feeding?
      A)Starting with a small volume of full-strength formula and gradually increasing as tolerated.
      B)Beginning with a large volume of diluted formula to meet nutritional needs quickly.
      C)Feeding continuously over 24 hours without breaks to maximize calorie intake.
      D)Administering formula at a cold temperature to slow gastrointestinal motility.
    3. A nurse is caring for a patient with ascites related to liver cirrhosis. The patient has hypoalbuminemia and increasing abdominal distention. Which pathophysiological process should the nurse identify as the primary cause of the ascites in this patient?
      A)Increased portal hypertension leading to vessel permeability and fluid leakage into the peritoneal cavity.
      B)Obstruction of the lymphatic system causing lymphatic fluid accumulation.
      C)Excess protein intake causing increased plasma oncotic pressure and fluid retention.
      D)Acute peritoneal infection causing inflammation and fluid buildup.
    4. A nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube. Which action is essential for the nurse to perform before administering an intermittent tube feeding?
      A)Flush the tube with 10 mL of normal saline to check patency.
      B)Position the client flat in bed to prevent aspiration.
      C)Verify the placement of the nasogastric tube.
      D)Clamp the tube for 30 minutes after the feeding is complete.
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    Exam Review

    1. Which of the following patients is most at risk for acute pancreatitis?
      A)A 55-year-old male with a history of heavy alcohol use.
      B)A 40-year-old male with a family history of diabetes.
      C)A 25-year-old female who underwent recent appendectomy.
      D)A 30-year-old female with a history of hypertension.
    2. A nurse is collecting data on a client who has acute pancreatitis. Which of the following factors should the nurse anticipate in the client's history?
      A)Gallstones.
      B)Diabetes mellitus.
      C)Shock.
      D)Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.
    3. A nurse is educating a group of assistive personnel about hepatitis transmission routes. Which of the following types of hepatitis are primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route? (Select all that apply)(SATA)
      A)Autoimmune hepatitis.
      B)Hepatitis B.
      C)Hepatitis C.
      D)Hepatitis A.
      E)Alcoholic hepatitis.
      F)Hepatitis D.
      G)Hepatitis E.
    4. A patient is experiencing symptoms of nutrient deficiency despite having a sufficient intake of food. Which process is most likely impaired?
      A)Digestion.
      B)Ingestion.
      C)Metabolism.
      D)Elimination.
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    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is assessing three patients diagnosed respectively with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Which clinical manifestation best differentiates bulimia nervosa from the other two disorders?
      A)Presence of recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting or laxative use.
      B)Recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory purging behaviors.
      C)Severe restriction of caloric intake leading to significant weight loss and amenorrhea.
      D)Emotional distress focused on fear of fatness with maintained or above normal weight.
    2. A nurse is counseling parents of a 9-month-old infant who is currently breastfed and beginning complementary foods. The parents ask when it is safe to replace breast milk or formula with whole cow's milk. Based on the infant's developmental stage and nutritional needs, what should the nurse advise?
      A)Introduce whole cow's milk at 9 months since the infant is already starting solids.
      B)Introduce whole cow's milk at 6 months of age along with complementary foods.
      C)Introduce whole cow's milk at 12 months of age to prevent kidney stress and iron deficiency.
      D)Introduce whole cow's milk as soon as the infant shows readiness for self-feeding, regardless of age.
    3. A nurse is educating a group of patients about metabolic rate and its implications for nutritional needs. Which explanation accurately defines metabolic rate in a way that helps patients understand how their bodies use energy?
      A)Metabolic rate refers exclusively to the calories burned during physical exercise and activity.
      B)Metabolic rate is the energy used only when a person is asleep and not active.
      C)Metabolic rate is the rate at which the body burns food energy to support all bodily functions, including involuntary activities like heartbeat and respiration.
      D)Metabolic rate is the total amount of calories consumed during a 24-hour period.
    4. A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of chronic alcohol use disorder. Which sequence best describes the typical progression of liver damage caused by alcohol consumption?
      A)Fatty liver, Alcohol-associated hepatitis, Alcohol-associated cirrhosis.
      B)Alcohol-associated cirrhosis, Fatty liver, Alcohol-associated hepatitis.
      C)Alcohol-associated hepatitis, Fatty liver, Alcohol-associated cirrhosis.
      D)Fatty liver, Alcohol-associated cirrhosis, Alcohol-associated hepatitis.
    Page 3 of 8

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is educating a group of assistive personnel about the transmission routes of different types of hepatitis viruses. Which of the following hepatitis types are transmitted via contact with infected blood or bodily fluids? (Select All that Apply.)(SATA)
      A)Alcoholic Hepatitis.
      B)Hepatitis A.
      C)Hepatitis B.
      D)Hepatitis C.
      E)Fatty Liver.
      F)Hepatitis
    2. A nurse is contributing to a teaching plan about the prevention of hepatitis The nurse should include that which of the following activities can spread hepatitis A?
      A)Sharing personal hygiene items like razors.
      B)Eating uncooked foods.
      C)Getting a tattoo.
      D)Having vaginal intercourse.
    3. A nurse is collecting a health history from a client. Which of the following client data should the nurse identify as a risk factor for contracting hepatitis C?
      A)Working in a child care center.
      B)Recent travel to a second world country.
      C)Eating raw shellfish.
      D)Presence of multiple tattoos.
      E)Presence of multiple tattoos.
    4. A 52-year-old patient with a history of chronic alcohol use presents with fatigue and mild abdominal discomfort. Laboratory tests and imaging reveal fatty liver changes. Which nursing intervention should be prioritized to prevent progression of the liver damage?
      A)Advise the patient to abstain from alcohol consumption to allow liver recovery.
      B)Schedule the patient for liver biopsy to confirm diagnosis before any intervention.
      C)Administer hepatoprotective medications immediately to reverse fatty liver.
      D)Encourage a high-protein diet to support liver regeneration.
    Page 4 of 8

    Exam Review

    1. A patient diagnosed with acute pancreatitis presents with severe abdominal pain radiating to the back and an increased heart rate. Laboratory results show elevated amylase and lipase levels. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention at this time?
      A)Initiate intravenous fluid therapy to maintain hydration.
      B)Place the patient on a non-opioid regimen for pain management.
      C)Encourage the patient to eat small, frequent meals.
      D)Administer a high-fat meal to promote digestion.
    2. Which of the following are appropriate management strategies for a patient experiencing an acute pancreatitis attack? (Select all that apply)(SATA)
      A)Inserting a nasogastric tube for gastric decompression.
      B)Initiating a low-fat diet immediately.
      C)Administering high-dose steroids.
      D)Administering opioid analgesics for pain relief.
      E)Withholding oral intake (NPO).
      F)Encouraging alcohol consumption to reduce stress.
      G)Administering intravenous fluids for hydration.
    3. A 55-year-old patient is admitted with severe acute pancreatitis. Which clinical sign should the nurse prioritize as most indicative of this condition?
      A)Sudden onset of left lower quadrant cramping and bloating.
      B)Severe, sudden-onset, constant, knifelike pain in the left upper quadrant and mid-epigastric area radiating to the back.
      C)Generalized abdominal tenderness with relief after eating.
      D)Intermittent sharp pain localized to the right lower quadrant without radiation.
    4. A nurse is preparing an educational session on hepatitis vaccines for a group of adult patients. Which hepatitis infections should the nurse emphasize as preventable through vaccination?
      A)All hepatitis types (A, B, C, D, and E).
      B)Hepatitis E only.
      C)Hepatitis C and Hepatitis D.
      D)Hepatitis A and Hepatitis
    Page 5 of 8

    Exam Review

    1. A 13-year-old female and a 15-year-old male present for a routine health check. Based on typical growth patterns during adolescence, which statement best describes the timing of their growth spurts?
      A)Both the male and female are likely at the same point in their growth spurts since adolescence begins between 11 and 13 years for both sexes.
      B)The female likely experienced her growth spurt earlier and is nearing completion, while the male is likely in the midst of his growth spurt.
      C)Neither the male nor the female has likely started their growth spurts as these usually begin after age 16 in both sexes.
      D)The male likely experienced his growth spurt earlier and is nearing completion, while the female is likely in the midst of her growth spurt.
      E)— . . .
    2. A patient with acute pancreatitis presents with severe abdominal pain and is being managed conservatively. Which dietary modification should the nurse anticipate for this patient during recovery?
      A)An all-liquid diet consisting of juices and soft foods.
      B)A high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet to promote healing.
      C)A regular diet with no restrictions once symptoms improve.
      D)A low-fat, high-protein diet to reduce pancreatic stimulation.
    3. A patient with pancreatic cancer is experiencing significant weight loss and fatigue during radiation therapy. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?
      A)Encourage a high-calorie, high-protein diet.
      B)Increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration.
      C)Administer anti-nausea medication.
      D)Advise complete bed rest to conserve energy.
    4. A nurse is assessing a patient diagnosed with acute hepatitis Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse prioritize when monitoring the patient for signs and symptoms of the acute infection?
      A)Jaundice, fatigue, nausea, and abdominal pain.
      B)Severe diarrhea, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance.
      C)Hypertension, bradycardia, and polyuria.
      D)Chest pain, hematuria, and blurred vision.
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