A 15-year old adolescent is brought to the emergency department by his parents. The adolescent is febrile with chills that started suddenly. He states, "I had a sinus infection and sore throat a couple of days ago." The nurse suspects bacterial meningitis based on which findings? Select THREE that apply
Explanation & Rationale
Rationale: A. Right leg pain: Right leg pain is not typically related to bacterial meningitis. It is more commonly associated with musculoskeletal or neurological issues localized to the limb and does not contribute to the diagnosis of meningitis. B. RLQ abdominal pain 7/10: Right lower quadrant abdominal pain is usually linked to gastrointestinal conditions such as appendicitis or other abdominal pathologies. This symptom does not correlate with the systemic or neurological symptoms seen in meningitis. C. Negative Brudzinski's: A negative Brudzinski’s sign indicates the absence of meningeal irritation. Since meningeal inflammation is a key feature of bacterial meningitis, a negative sign makes the diagnosis less likely. D. Severe Headache: Severe headache is a classic symptom of bacterial meningitis caused by inflammation of the meninges and increased intracranial pressure. This symptom often accompanies fever and neck stiffness, signaling central nervous system involvement. E. Vomiting: Vomiting occurs in meningitis due to increased intracranial pressure and systemic illness. It is a common nonspecific symptom reflecting the severity of the infection and the body’s response to it. F. Photophobia: Photophobia, or sensitivity to light, results from meningeal irritation in meningitis. It is a hallmark sign and frequently accompanies headache and neck stiffness in affected patients.