A 2-month-old infant is diagnosed with a unilateral cleft lip. Which nursing interventions are appropriate to support feeding? Select all that apply.

A. Provide frequent burping: Infants with cleft lip swallow more air while feeding due to difficulty maintaining suction. Frequent burping helps reduce discomfort, spitting up, and risk of aspiration. B. Continue breastfeeding or chest-feeding as possible: Many infants with cleft lip can still breastfeed effectively. The breast tissue helps fill the cleft and allows adequate suction, supporting bonding and nutrition. C. Feed in supine position to promote rest: Supine feeding increases the risk of aspiration because milk can pool in the pharynx. Semi-upright positioning is safer and aids gravity-assisted swallowing. D. Use a specialty bottle such as a Pigeon or Haberman feeder: These feeders are designed to compensate for poor suction by allowing milk flow with gentle compression. They ensure adequate nutrition while reducing feeding fatigue. E. Position the infant semi-upright during feed: A semi-upright position uses gravity to prevent milk from entering the nasal cavity and reduces aspiration risk. It also improves comfort and efficiency during feeding.