A 25-year-old man who smokes says his smoking is not a problem now because he is young and healthy. He will quit when he is “older.” The therapist asks him, “What do you consider to be older?” The young man answers, “You know, middle age, like 40 or 50.” The therapist says, “Didn't you tell me your grandfather died from lung cancer at age 49? What would his middle age have been?” The young man quietly says, “I guess my age. Maybe I should think about cutting back.” What technique is this an example of?

Choice A reason: Social learning involves modeling behavior and reinforcement, not eliciting self-reflection on behavior. Choice B reason: This is correct. Motivational interviewing uses open-ended questions, reflective listening, and strategic prompts to help clients recognize discrepancies between their current behavior and long-term goals, promoting intrinsic motivation to change. Choice C reason: Person-centered therapy emphasizes empathy, unconditional positive regard, and client self-exploration, not direct elicitation of ambivalence. Choice D reason: Transactional analysis focuses on interpersonal communication and ego states, not targeted behavioral change through motivational questioning.