A 36-year-old man is evaluated by the PMHNP for a recent incident in which he stayed up for several nights in a row, had much more energy than usual, and believed he was talking to God. He was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. In reviewing his medications, the PMHNP finds he is taking acetaminophen 500 mg BID, bupropion XL (Wellbutrin) 150 mg once daily, Sam-E for pain from an old football injury, and alprazolam 0.5 mg pm for agitation. Which of these should be discontinued immediately?

Choice A reason: Acetaminophen is not known to exacerbate mania and can be safely continued for mild pain management. Choice B reason: Sam-E is a supplement that can have serotonergic activity and potentially precipitate mania in susceptible individuals, but it is not the primary agent of concern compared with bupropion in acute manic presentations. Choice C reason: Bupropion is an activating antidepressant that can precipitate or worsen manic episodes in individuals with bipolar disorder. Immediate discontinuation is indicated to prevent further exacerbation of mania. Choice D reason: Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine used for agitation or anxiety and does not contribute to manic symptoms; it may provide symptomatic relief and can be continued as needed.