A 4-year-old child is admitted with a persistent fever for 6 days. The nurse notes bilateral conjunctival injection without exudate, red cracked lips, a "strawberry" tongue, swollen and erythematous hands and feet, and a polymorphous rash on the trunk. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
Explanation & Rationale
A. Scarlet fever is incorrect because, although it presents with a fever and rash, it is typically associated with a sandpaper-like rash, pastia lines, and pharyngeal infection with exudate. Conjunctival injection, "strawberry" tongue, and extremity changes are not characteristic. B. Kawasaki disease is correct because the child meets the classic diagnostic criteria: persistent fever >5 days, bilateral non-exudative conjunctival injection, oral mucosal changes (red cracked lips, strawberry tongue), peripheral extremity changes (swelling, erythema, desquamation), and polymorphous rash. Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis that primarily affects children under 5 and can lead to coronary artery aneurysms if untreated. Early recognition and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin are critical. C. Rheumatic fever is incorrect because it typically occurs weeks after a group A streptococcal infection and presents with carditis, arthritis, chorea, and subcutaneous nodules, rather than conjunctival injection, strawberry tongue, or extremity edema. D. Measles is incorrect because measles presents with Koplik spots, a cephalocaudal spreading maculopapular rash, and cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis. Extremity swelling and strawberry tongue are not features of measles.