A 54-year-old Latino man receives a phone call that his mother has had a stroke and is in ICU at his local hospital. Soon after, he begins trembling, then shouting and screaming. The impression is that he is completely out of control. Which culture-bound syndrome should the PMHNP include in the differential diagnosis?

Choice A reason: Khayal is a culture-bound syndrome primarily found in Cambodia and involves anxiety and somatic symptoms. It is not characteristic of sudden explosive behavior in Latinos. Choice B reason: This is correct. Ataque de nervios is a syndrome observed in Latino cultures, typically triggered by acute stressors, often involving uncontrollable shouting, trembling, crying, or aggression, and is culturally recognized as a response to extreme distress. Choice C reason: Amok is a culture-bound syndrome seen in Southeast Asia, involving sudden violent outbursts, often with homicidal behavior, which does not fit this patient’s presentation. Choice D reason: Dhat is observed in South Asian populations and involves anxiety related to semen loss, unrelated to acute stress reactions.