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    Pharmacology Proctored exam 1

    A 74 year old female is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of 'wound infection.' She is non- verbal with a previous history of a stroke that has left her wheelchair bound. Her vital signs are: Temp 101.6 F, heart rate 100, respiratory rate 20, pulse ox 96%. On assessment her left arm is warm to the touch with fluid filled vesicles noted. Some of the vesicles appear to be excoriated. The right arm appears normal. When turning the patient her sacrum is noted to be red but blanches when touched. Her left heel is noted to be very soft, and mushy feeling, with a blood blister that is intact on it. The assessment findings that caused you the most concern lead you to a hypothesis that this patient's primary issue is:

    Explanation & Rationale

    A. Deep tissue injury to the left heel: The left heel demonstrates characteristics of a deep tissue injury, such as soft, mushy tissue and an intact blood blister. While this is a significant local wound concern requiring monitoring and pressure relief interventions, it does not explain the systemic signs such as fever and tachycardia, which indicate a broader physiological response. B. Systemic infection: The patient exhibits classic signs of systemic infection, including fever (101.6°F) and tachycardia (HR 100). The presence of excoriated fluid-filled vesicles on the left arm suggests a localized infection that may be contributing to the systemic inflammatory response. Given her non-verbal status and limited mobility, these vital sign changes raise concern for sepsis or a spreading infection. C. Herpes Zoster: Herpes zoster typically presents as a painful, unilateral, dermatomal rash with grouped vesicles. While the patient has vesicles on the left arm, there is no mention of pain, dermatomal distribution, or history of previous varicella infection. Additionally, the systemic signs (fever, tachycardia) suggest bacterial rather than viral etiology. D. At risk for developing a pressure injury of the sacrum: The blanchable redness on the sacrum indicates early skin pressure but is still within normal preventive care interventions. While the patient is at risk and requires ongoing monitoring and repositioning, this is secondary compared to the acute concern of systemic infection, which poses immediate life-threatening risk.

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