A charge nurse is conducting a staff education in-service about depressive disorders. Which of the following should the nurse identify as a risk factor for depression?

A. Pregnancy: While the perinatal period can involve mood changes, pregnancy itself is not a universal risk factor for depression; postpartum periods carry a higher risk due to hormonal shifts and psychosocial stressors. B. Being married: Marriage is generally considered a protective factor against depression because of social support, companionship, and emotional buffering, rather than a risk factor. C. Male gender: Women are statistically more likely to experience depression than men; male gender is not considered a primary risk factor for depressive disorders. D. Chronic illness: Chronic medical conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or chronic pain, increase the risk for depression due to ongoing physical stress, lifestyle limitations, and psychosocial impact.