A charge nurse is observing a newly licensed nurse provide care for a client who is postoperative. The newly licensed nurse tells the client that she will insert a urinary catheter if the client will not void. Which of the following torts should the charge nurse identify as having occurred?

A. Battery involves actual physical contact without consent. B. Negligence refers to failing to provide appropriate care, leading to harm. C. Assault occurs when a person is threatened with harm or offensive contact, creating fear, even if no physical contact occurs. Telling the client that a catheter will be inserted without consent can be perceived as a threat. D. Libel is a false written statement that damages someone’s reputation.