A charge nurse is providing an in-service about client advocacy to a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following examples should the nurse include?

A. Witnessing a client's signature for informed consent: Witnessing consent is a legal responsibility, not an advocacy role. The nurse verifies the client’s signature but does not address the client’s needs or ensure their voice is represented in care decisions. B. Instructing a client about how to apply antiembolic stockings: Teaching a client is part of health promotion and nursing education. While important, it does not represent advocacy since it does not involve speaking up or acting on behalf of the client’s expressed needs. C. Ensuring that all clients receive equal treatment: Providing equitable care is an ethical obligation for all nurses but does not fully represent advocacy. Advocacy specifically involves acting on a client’s behalf when barriers or unmet needs are identified. D. Requesting a social services consultation for a client who states they cannot afford their medications: This is advocacy because the nurse is acting on the client’s expressed concern and connecting them to resources that address barriers to care. It ensures the client’s health needs are supported beyond routine clinical interventions.