A charge nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about performing a 12-lead ECG. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is a noninvasive diagnostic test used to assess the electrical activity of the heart. It helps identify abnormalities such as dysrhythmias, myocardial ischemia, infarction, and conduction disturbances. Electrodes are placed on the chest and limbs to capture electrical signals from different angles. Proper understanding of the purpose and procedure is essential for accurate patient education and safe nursing care. Rationale: A. A sonogram of the heart refers to an echocardiogram, not an ECG. An echocardiogram uses ultrasound waves to evaluate heart structure and function, while an ECG specifically measures electrical conduction. These are two different diagnostic procedures with different purposes. B. Normal breathing is allowed during a 12-lead ECG. The client should remain still and relaxed to reduce artifact interference, but breath-holding is not required. Movement rather than breathing is the main factor that affects tracing quality. C. A standard 12-lead ECG is noninvasive, painless, and does not require informed consent. Consent is generally required for invasive or high-risk procedures. Routine ECG testing only requires explanation and patient cooperation. D. The ECG detects and records the electrical activity generated by cardiac depolarization and repolarization. This allows evaluation of heart rhythm, conduction pathways, and evidence of cardiac injury. It is the primary purpose of performing a 12-lead ECG.