A charge nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about substance use disorders during pregnancy. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Choice A rationale For clients prescribed methadone during pregnancy, breastfeeding is generally encouraged due to the benefits of breast milk for the infant. Methadone excretion into breast milk is minimal and not considered harmful, and it can help to reduce the severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome. Choice B rationale Methamphetamine use during pregnancy is associated with several adverse fetal outcomes, but fetal macrosomia (abnormally large baby) is not typically one of them. Instead, it is more commonly linked to intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, and small for gestational age infants due to vasoconstrictive effects. Choice C rationale For newborns experiencing neonatal abstinence syndrome due to prenatal substance exposure, environmental stimuli should be decreased, not increased. Reducing stimuli like bright lights, loud noises, and excessive handling helps to minimize agitation, irritability, and seizures in these vulnerable infants. Choice D rationale Increased head circumference is not an expected finding in a newborn with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). In fact, microcephaly (abnormally small head circumference) is a characteristic diagnostic criterion for FAS, reflecting the detrimental effects of alcohol on fetal brain development.