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    Mental health proctored exam

    A client admitted to the emergency department (ED) with tactile hallucinations, disorientation, and agitation had his last drink 48 hours ago. His vital signs are: blood pressure 170/100, temperature 103F pulse 110, and respirations are 24. The nurse recognizes that the client is experiencing

    Explanation & Rationale

    A. Wernicke's Encephalopathy: This condition results from thiamine deficiency in chronic alcohol use and presents with confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. It does not typically cause high fever, severe autonomic hyperactivity, or tactile hallucinations seen here. B. Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium: This is the most severe form of alcohol withdrawal, usually occurring 48–72 hours after the last drink. Hallucinations, agitation, disorientation, fever, hypertension, tachycardia, and diaphoresis are hallmark signs. C. Korsakoff's Psychosis: Korsakoff’s is a chronic complication of alcohol use related to thiamine deficiency, marked by memory impairment and confabulation. It does not present with acute delirium, fever, or autonomic instability. D. Alcohol Withdrawal: Basic alcohol withdrawal begins within hours after cessation and includes tremors, anxiety, insomnia, and mild autonomic symptoms. The presence of severe hallucinations, disorientation, fever, and elevated vitals indicates progression to alcohol withdrawal delirium.

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