A client has been prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The nurse alerts the client to contact the healthcare provider should the client develop which undesirable side effect?

Choice A rationale Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to reduced aldosterone release and vasodilation. A common side effect is a persistent, non-productive dry cough, occurring in up to 20. Choice B rationale ACE inhibitors actually tend to cause hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia, because they inhibit aldosterone release. Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the renal tubules, so its inhibition leads to potassium retention. The normal range for serum potassium is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. Patients on ACE inhibitors require monitoring for elevated potassium levels. Choice C rationale Constipation is not a typical or commonly reported side effect specifically associated with ACE inhibitors. Gastrointestinal side effects for this class of medication are generally mild and may include nausea, diarrhea, or abdominal pain, but a significant change in bowel habits like constipation is unusual. Choice D rationale Nausea is a possible, though generally minor, side effect of ACE inhibitors that may occur as the body adjusts to the medication. It is usually transient and can sometimes be minimized by taking the medication with food. The persistent, dry cough is a far more distinct and common reason for discontinuation compared to transient nausea.