A client has rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the nurse is conducting a home assessment. What options can the nurse suggest for the client to maintain independence in activities of daily living (ADLs)? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A rationale Grab bars are typically installed in bathrooms or near toilets to provide stability and assistance with standing or transferring, primarily for safety. They are not designed to help clients reach high items; reaching high items is often difficult for clients with RA due to shoulder and elbow joint pain and limited range of motion. Choice B rationale A long-handled bath scrub brush is a useful assistive device that allows a client with rheumatoid arthritis to wash their back, legs, and feet without excessive bending, reaching, or joint movement. This significantly reduces strain and allows them to perform personal hygiene independently. Choice C rationale A soft rocker-recliner chair is beneficial because it allows a client with RA to change positions and transfer more easily than a standard chair. The rocking motion can be less jarring on stiff joints, and the reclining feature can help distribute pressure and provide periods of rest without struggling to get up. Choice D rationale A toothbrush with a built-up handle, often made with foam or specialized material, increases the diameter of the grip. This modification requires less forceful gripping, which minimizes pain and strain on the small, often affected, joints of the hands and fingers, enabling independent oral hygiene. Choice E rationale A wheelchair cushion primarily provides pressure relief and comfort for clients who are confined to a wheelchair. While it adds comfort, it does not directly facilitate independence in performing activities of daily living (ADLs) such as dressing, eating, or hygiene for an ambulatory RA client.