A client is admitted with an exacerbation of heart failure secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which observation(s) by the nurse require immediate intervention to reduce the likelihood of harm to this client? Select all that apply.

A. A full pitcher of water poses a risk for fluid overload, which can exacerbate heart failure symptoms. B. A saline lock is standard for potential IV access and does not require immediate intervention. C. A low sodium diet is appropriate for heart failure management. D. Having a bedside commode is helpful for the client’s comfort and safety. E. The supine position can increase venous return and worsen heart failure symptoms; the client should be positioned upright to facilitate breathing.