A client is prescribed a beta-lactam antibiotic. The nurse knows that which of the following antibiotics are in the beta-lactam class? Select all that apply. One, some, or all may be correct.

A. Tetracyclines.: Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. They do not contain a beta-lactam ring and therefore are not classified as beta-lactam antibiotics. B. Carbapenems.: Carbapenems, such as imipenem and meropenem, are beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of activity. They work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis and are often reserved for severe or resistant infections. C. Penicillins.: Penicillins are the prototype beta-lactam antibiotics. Their beta-lactam ring structure disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to cell lysis and death, making them effective against many gram-positive organisms. D. Cephalosporins.: Cephalosporins also contain a beta-lactam ring and act by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. They are structurally related to penicillins and are grouped into generations based on their antimicrobial coverage. E. Vancomycin.: Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that inhibits cell wall synthesis but does not have a beta-lactam ring. It is used for serious infections caused by gram-positive organisms, including MRSA, and is not part of the beta-lactam antibiotic class.