A client is undergoing follow-up tests after experiencing unexplained symptomatic fluctuations in a recovery ward. For each clinical finding related to diabetes mellitus listed below, indicate whether the finding is associated with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS), or both. Each finding may be associated with more than one condition.

Rationale: Severe dehydration – Both DKA and HHS: Both conditions cause osmotic diuresis due to high glucose, leading to fluid loss. Ketonuria – DKA only: DKA results from absolute insulin deficiency, leading to fat breakdown and ketone production. HHS usually has enough insulin to prevent significant ketone formation. Metabolic acidosis – DKA only: Ketone accumulation lowers blood pH, causing metabolic acidosis. HHS usually has normal pH. Elevated blood glucose >600 mg/dL – HHS only: HHS is characterized by extreme hyperglycemia (often >600 mg/dL) without significant ketoacidosis.