A client presents to the clinic with fatigue, poor appetite, general malaise, and vague joint pain that improves mid-morning. The client has been taking over-the-counter ibuprofen for several months. The healthcare provider makes an initial diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which laboratory test(s) should the nurse report to the healthcare provider? Select all that apply.

Choice A reason: The sedimentation rate (ESR) is a common test used to detect inflammation associated with conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. An elevated ESR indicates the presence of inflammation in the body. Choice B reason: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis and are useful in confirming the diagnosis. The presence of these antibodies can help distinguish RA from other inflammatory conditions. Choice C reason: D-Dimer is primarily used to rule out thrombotic conditions such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. It is not specifically related to the diagnosis or management of rheumatoid arthritis. Choice D reason: C-reactive protein (CRP) is another marker of inflammation that is often elevated in rheumatoid arthritis. It provides information about the level of inflammation and can be used to monitor disease activity and response to treatment. Choice E reason: While a white blood cell count can provide general information about infection or inflammation, it is not specific to rheumatoid arthritis and is not as useful as the other tests mentioned for diagnosing or managing RA.