A client presents with a respiratory rate of 7/min. The ABG results are: pH 7.22, PaCO2 68 mm Hg, HCO3 26 mEq/L, PaO2 78 mm Hg, and Oxygen saturation 80 Which interpretation is most accurate?

Analyzing arterial blood gas results requires understanding the relationship between hydrogen ion concentration, carbon dioxide levels, and bicarbonate. Knowledge of respiratory physiology is essential to determine if the primary imbalance stems from gas exchange failure or metabolic dysfunction in the body. Choice A rationale Metabolic acidosis is defined by a low pH and a low bicarbonate level below 22 mEq/L. In this case, the bicarbonate is 26 mEq/L, which is within the normal range of 22 to 28 mEq/L, ruling it out. Choice B rationale Respiratory alkalosis occurs when the pH is above 7.45 and the PaCO2 is below 35 mm Hg. This client has a low pH of 7.22 and a high PaCO2 of 68 mm Hg, which indicates an acidotic state. Choice C rationale Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH above 7.45 and an elevated bicarbonate level. This client presents with a low pH and a normal bicarbonate level, which does not fit the criteria for a metabolic alkalotic imbalance. Choice D rationale The pH of 7.22 is below 7.35, indicating acidosis. The PaCO2 of 68 mm Hg is above the normal 35 to 45 mm Hg range, confirming a respiratory cause. A respiratory rate of 7/min causes CO2 retention.