A client sustained a head injury when hit by lead pipe two hours ago and is admitted for observation after the computerized tomography (CT) scan indicates that no spinal cord injury and no skull fractures are present. When the client begins projectile vomiting, the nurse quickly turns the client's head to the side and administers ondansetron 4 mg IV as prescribed. Reassessment indicates that the client's Glasgow coma score is 13 and the left pupil is dilated without reaction to light. Which intervention(s) should the nurse implement? Select all that apply.
Explanation & Rationale
A. Insert a second large bore IV catheter: This may be necessary in a trauma setting if volume resuscitation is needed, but there is no indication of hemodynamic instability or bleeding in this scenario. It is not the most immediate or essential response to new neurologic findings. B. Schedule a repeat CT scan: A dilated, non-reactive pupil and change in neurologic status may indicate increased intracranial pressure or new bleeding. A repeat CT scan is critical to evaluate for worsening brain injury or cerebral herniation. C. Apply artificial tear drops to left eye: A non-reactive pupil suggests cranial nerve involvement, possibly impairing the eye's ability to blink. To protect the cornea from drying and ulceration, artificial tears or eye protection is appropriate. D. Place in lateral Trendelenburg position: Trendelenburg position is contraindicated in clients with suspected increased intracranial pressure, as it may worsen cerebral edema. The head should be elevated, not lowered. E. Repeat Glasgow coma assessment: Frequent reassessment of neurologic status using the Glasgow Coma Scale helps detect early signs of deterioration and guides the urgency of interventions such as imaging or surgical evaluation.