A client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus is admitted to the intensive care unit with third degree burns over 20% of the body. To decrease the client's risk of developing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS), which intervention(s) should the nurse implement? Select all that apply.
Explanation & Rationale
Rationale: A. Assess for breath with a fruity odor: This is more indicative of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), not HHS. HHS does not usually produce ketones or fruity-smelling breath, so it is not a priority assessment for this condition. B. Titrate an insulin infusion to maintain a low serum glucose level: Maintaining glucose control through insulin infusion is critical in preventing HHS, as the syndrome is driven by severe hyperglycemia without ketosis. C. Monitor for elevated temperature and administer PRN antipyretics: While fever management is important for burn care, it does not directly prevent HHS, which is primarily a result of fluid imbalance and hyperglycemia. D. Monitor serum electrolyte levels and report any abnormal values: Electrolyte disturbances are common in HHS due to dehydration and osmotic diuresis. Prompt correction is essential to prevent complications. E. Maintain large bore IV patency for aggressive fluid resuscitation: Massive fluid loss from burns and hyperglycemia requires aggressive IV fluid replacement to prevent dehydration and hemoconcentration, both of which contribute to HHS.