A client who sustained a fall at a long-term care facility is suspected of having a fractured right hip. Which assessment findings support the belief that the client has a fractured hip? (Select all that apply)

A. The right leg is longer than the left: Hip fractures typically result in shortening of the affected extremity due to proximal migration of the femoral shaft caused by muscle contraction, particularly of the iliopsoas and adductor muscles. A leg appearing longer is not consistent with the pathophysiology of most hip fractures. B. The right leg is shorter than the left: Shortening of the affected leg occurs because the fracture disrupts the normal alignment of the femoral head and neck, and spasm of the surrounding musculature pulls the distal femur proximally. This clinical finding is a classic indicator of intracapsular or intertrochanteric hip fractures. C. The client's right leg is abducted: Abduction is not a typical presentation in hip fractures. Most fractures result in slight adduction due to spasm of the adductor muscles. Abduction may be seen in rare fracture patterns, but it is not a reliable diagnostic sign. D. The client's right foot is externally rotated: External rotation occurs because the hip rotator muscles, including the short external rotators, pull on the fractured femur, rotating it laterally. This is a hallmark clinical feature of hip fractures and is used in physical assessment to distinguish from soft tissue injuries. E. The right hip is bruised and swollen: Ecchymosis and edema at the hip joint reflect vascular and soft tissue injury associated with the fracture. Hemarthrosis or localized bleeding from disrupted periosteal vessels contributes to visible swelling and bruising, confirming traumatic injury to the femur and surrounding structures.