A client with heart failure (HF) develops hyperaldosteronism and spironolactone is prescribed. Which instruction should the nurse include in this client's plan of care?

Choice A rationale: This instruction is not directly related to spironolactone use or hyperaldosteronism. Excessive bruising may be relevant in some situations but not specifically for this scenario. Choice B rationale: While heart failure patients are often advised to reduce their sodium intake, the use of a salt substitute (potassium-based) would be contraindicated in this case due to the risk of hyperkalemia. Choice C rationale: This instruction is not directly related to spironolactone use or hyperaldosteronism. It may be relevant for sun protection, but it is not a priority in this context. Choice D rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which means it helps the body retain potassium while excreting sodium and water. Since the client has heart failure (HF), there is a risk of hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) associated with spironolactone use. To prevent this, the nurse should instruct the client to limit their intake of high-potassium foods, such as bananas, oranges, tomatoes, spinach, and other potassium-rich foods.