A client with late moderate-stage dementia has been admitted to a long-term care facility. Which nursing action will help the client maintain optimal cognitive function?

Choice A reason: Discussing familiar people and memories supports reminiscence therapy, which is particularly beneficial for clients with moderate-stage dementia. Long-term memory is often better preserved than short-term memory, and talking about family members can enhance orientation, reduce anxiety, and promote cognitive engagement without causing frustration. Choice B reason: Word games and crossword puzzles require higher-level cognitive processing and problem-solving skills, which are often impaired in moderate-stage dementia. These activities may increase frustration and agitation rather than support optimal cognitive functioning. Choice C reason: Written lists rely heavily on short-term memory, reading comprehension, and executive function, which are significantly impaired in moderate-stage dementia. This strategy is more appropriate for clients with mild cognitive impairment. Choice D reason: Following and discussing current events requires sustained attention, complex language processing, and short-term memory. Clients with moderate-stage dementia often find such activities confusing and overstimulating rather than cognitively supportive.