A clinical instructor is reviewing the abdominal assessment with a group of students.She would include which of the following three percussion sounds the nurse would expect to hear? (Select 3 options)

Choice A rationaleHyperresonance is a booming sound elicited during percussion, typically heard over hyperinflated lung tissue, such as in emphysema or pneumothorax. In the abdominal assessment, hyperresonance is generally not an expected finding and may indicate gaseous distension.Choice B rationaleFlatness is a dull, very soft sound with a short duration, usually heard over dense tissues such as bone or muscle. In the abdomen, flatness is not a typical percussion sound and might be elicited over a large tumor or organomegaly.Choice C rationaleDullness is a thud-like sound with a medium intensity and duration, typically heard over solid organs such as the liver, spleen, or a distended bladder. In the abdominal assessment, dullness is an expected finding over these organs.Choice D rationaleResonance is a hollow sound of moderate duration and low pitch, typically heard over normal lung tissue. Resonance is not an expected percussion sound in the abdominal assessment; tympany and dullness are the predominant sounds.Choice E rationaleTympany is a drum-like sound with high pitch and longer duration, commonly heard over air-filled structures such as the stomach and intestines. Tympany is the predominant percussion sound expected over most of the abdomen due to the presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract.