A common early sign of IV site infection is:

Rationale: A. Pulmonary crackles is incorrect because crackles are a respiratory finding caused by fluid in the alveoli, commonly seen in pulmonary edema or fluid overload, not infection at the IV site. While pulmonary symptoms can indicate complications in hospitalized patients, they are unrelated to early signs of a localized IV infection. B. Fever and chills is incorrect because these are systemic signs of infection. They may develop if a local IV infection progresses to bacteremia or sepsis, but they typically appear later in the course of infection, not as an initial warning at the IV site. Relying on fever and chills would delay early detection and intervention, increasing the risk of serious complications. C. Redness and tenderness at the site is correct because these are classic early indicators of a localized IV site infection. Additional early signs may include warmth, mild swelling, and slight pain at the insertion site. Early recognition allows for prompt intervention, such as removing the IV, applying sterile dressings, notifying the provider, and monitoring the patient, which helps prevent progression to systemic infection or sepsis. Localized IV infections are usually caused by bacteria introduced during insertion or from prolonged catheter use. D. Hypotension is incorrect because low blood pressure is a late systemic sign, often associated with sepsis or severe bloodstream infection, rather than an early local IV site infection. Waiting for hypotension to appear would delay critical intervention and increase patient risk.