A female client with breast cancer is scheduled to receive a series of radiotherapy (RT). She has red hair, fair skin, and freckles. She tells the nurse that her skin is particularly sensitive to the sun, so she is worried that the radiation will adversely affect her skin. Which information should the nurse provide this client about RT? Select all that apply.

Rationale: A. Both the sun and radiation can damage the skin because it has a rapid renewal rate: The skin’s high cellular turnover makes it vulnerable to damage from both UV radiation and radiation therapy. Clients with fair skin are especially prone to radiation dermatitis due to lower melanin protection. B. Ionizing energy of RT penetrates to the target tumor and does not affect the skin like sun rays: Although radiation targets deeper tissues, the skin at the entry site can still be affected. Radiation can cause localized skin damage, including dryness, erythema, or peeling. C. Shielding helps to localize the entrance of RT and protects other sensitive areas: Radiation therapy uses shielding and precise targeting to minimize exposure to surrounding tissues. However, the entry site of the beam still receives some exposure, making localized protection and care essential. D. Special gels can be prescribed for local application to promote healing and comfort: Topical agents like hydrophilic creams or corticosteroid gels may be recommended to soothe irritated skin and promote healing during radiation therapy. These help manage symptoms like dryness and inflammation. E. Application of cold compresses after treatment decreases the skin's sensitivity: Cold compresses are not typically recommended after radiation, as they may constrict blood flow and delay healing. Instead, gentle skincare routines and prescribed topical treatments are preferred.