A local OB/GYN calls the PMHNP to refer a 27-year-old pregnant patient in her third trimester who just screened positive for perinatal depression. Which of the following screening tools was used by the OB-GYN?

Choice A reason: The Postpartum Depression Rating Scale is less commonly used and not the standard screening tool for perinatal depression. Choice B reason: PHQ-9 screens for general depression in primary care but is not specifically designed for perinatal populations. Choice C reason: CES-D is a general depression screening instrument and not validated specifically for perinatal use. Choice D reason: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a validated, widely used screening tool for perinatal depression, appropriate for use during pregnancy and postpartum.