A neurovascular exam includes: (Select all that apply)

A. Petechiae: Petechiae are small, pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin, often associated with platelet disorders or trauma, but they are not a standard component of a neurovascular assessment, which focuses on circulation, sensation, and motor function. B. Increased pain: Pain out of proportion to the injury is a key neurovascular indicator, often signaling compartment syndrome or nerve compromise. It reflects pressure on nerves and vessels and is critical for early detection of circulatory or neurologic compromise. C. Edema: Swelling is a common finding in neurovascular compromise, as it can impede blood flow and increase pressure within compartments, contributing to ischemia and nerve dysfunction. Monitoring edema is essential for timely intervention. D. Cold and pale: Skin temperature and color reflect perfusion. Cold, pale extremities indicate arterial insufficiency or compromised circulation, making these key components of neurovascular assessment. E. Numbness/tingling: Sensory changes such as paresthesia occur when nerve function is impaired due to pressure, ischemia, or injury, and are critical early signs of neurovascular compromise. F. Warmth: Warmth generally suggests normal perfusion or inflammation but is not a primary indicator of neurovascular compromise. It does not reliably reflect arterial or nerve status in acute injury assessment.