A nurse assessing a client notes that the client has a constant leakage of small amounts of urine and a bladder that is distended and palpable. The nurse should associate these findings with which of the following types of urinary incontinence?

A. Reflex incontinence: Reflex incontinence occurs when the bladder empties without the sensation of the need to void, often related to neurologic impairment such as spinal cord injury. It is not associated with a distended bladder or continuous small leakage of urine. B. Urge incontinence: Urge incontinence involves a sudden, strong need to urinate followed by involuntary bladder emptying. It is caused by detrusor overactivity and is not characterized by a consistently distended bladder or constant small leakage. C. Stress incontinence: Stress incontinence is the leakage of urine with activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, or lifting. It does not usually involve bladder distension or continuous dribbling of urine. D. Overflow incontinence: Overflow incontinence occurs when the bladder is overdistended and cannot empty completely, leading to constant dribbling of urine. The presence of a distended, palpable bladder and continuous leakage of small amounts is consistent with this type of incontinence.