A nurse has accepted a position on a pediatric unit and is learning about psychosocial development. Organize Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development in order from birth to adolescence.
Explanation & Rationale
A. Trust vs. mistrust: This stage occurs from birth to 18 months. Infants learn to trust their caregivers to meet their needs. If caregivers are consistent and reliable, infants develop a sense of trust. B. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt: This stage occurs from 18 months to 3 years. Toddlers learn to do things independently. Success leads to autonomy, while failure results in feelings of shame and doubt. C. Initiative vs. guilt: This stage occurs from 3 to 5 years. Children begin to assert control and power over their environment. Success leads to a sense of initiative, while failure results in guilt. D. Industry vs. inferiority: This stage occurs from 6 to 11 years. Children learn to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority. E. Identity vs. role confusion: This stage occurs from 12 to 18 years. Adolescents explore their independence and develop a sense of self. Success leads to a strong identity, while failure results in role confusion.