A nurse in a mental health facility is assessing a client. For each client assessment finding, specify if the finding is a potential risk for suicide or a protective factor against suicide.

Choice A reason: Physical health Good physical health supports resilience and treatment participation. It reduces burden from comorbidities and aligns with Maslow’s foundation of physiological needs, making it a modest protective factor. Choice B reason: Mental health support Engagement in therapy and antidepressants is protective. Even if current efficacy feels limited, ongoing care provides structure and monitoring, consistent with NIMH’s emphasis on access to effective treatment. Choice C reason: Family history A maternal suicide and estrangement increase risk. Family history is a strong predictor of vulnerability, and loss of belonging undermines Maslow’s social needs, compounding depressive risk. Choice D reason: Alcohol consumption Past misuse elevates lifetime risk, but sustained sobriety is protective. Abstinence reduces impulsivity and stabilizes mood, though DSM-5 notes prior substance use remains relevant to risk. Choice E reason: Access to lethal means Immediate access to alprazolam with a stated plan is a high-risk factor. NIMH highlights lethal means as critical to restrict, and DailyMed warns of overdose dangers. Choice F reason: Feelings of self-worth Worthlessness and hopelessness are classic depressive risk markers. DSM-5 includes these as core symptoms, and NIMH links them directly to suicidal ideation. Choice G reason: Support systems Estranged family and reluctance to use friends increase isolation risk. While some friends exist, avoidance weakens this protective factor. Connectedness is central in NIMH’s prevention framework.