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    Ati rn adult medical surgical 2023 proctored exam

    A nurse in an emergency department (ED) is caring for a client Exhibits Complete the diagram by dragging from the choices below to specify what condition the client is most likely experiencing, 2 actions the nurse should take to address that condition, and 2 parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client's progress.

    Explanation & Rationale

    Rationale for correct choices: Hyperthyroidism: The client presents with classic signs of hyperthyroidism or thyroid storm: heat intolerance, tremors, tachycardia, palpitations, agitation, insomnia, weight loss despite good appetite, diarrhea, and recent illness (influenza) acting as a trigger. These symptoms indicate an acutely increased metabolic state. Place client on telemetry: Tachycardia and palpitations suggest cardiac involvement. Continuous cardiac monitoring helps detect life-threatening arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, which are common in hyperthyroid crises. Initiate hydration therapy: Hypermetabolism, fever, and diarrhea can cause fluid loss and increase the risk for dehydration. Hydration supports perfusion and reduces cardiac strain during a hypermetabolic state. Cardiac dysrhythmias: Excess thyroid hormones increase the heart's sensitivity to catecholamines, heightening the risk for dysrhythmias. Monitoring rhythm helps identify complications early. Neurological status: Agitation, tremors, and insomnia may progress to delirium or seizures in thyroid storm. Regular neuro checks allow early recognition of worsening symptoms. Rationale for incorrect choices: Hypoparathyroidism: This typically presents with signs of hypocalcemia such as tetany or paresthesias, not the metabolic hyperactivity seen here. The client's symptoms do not reflect this condition. Hyperparathyroidism: It usually causes hypercalcemia, bone pain, and kidney stones, none of which are evident. Diarrhea, fever, and cardiac signs are not typical. Hypothyroidism: Presents with fatigue, cold intolerance, constipation, bradycardia, and weight gain—opposite of this client’s hyperactive symptoms. Check for Chvostek and Trousseau’s signs: These are used to assess for hypocalcemia, which is not indicated in this scenario. There are no neuromuscular irritability symptoms present. Monitor for hypoglycemia: There's no indication of low blood sugar, and the client does not report symptoms like shakiness, confusion, or hunger related to hypoglycemia. Provide nutritional support: While the client has lost weight, the priority is stabilizing the acute condition (thyroid storm), not nutritional rehabilitation at this moment. Phosphorus levels: These are not directly affected in hyperthyroidism and monitoring them wouldn't provide information relevant to the current crisis. Weight gain: This client has experienced weight loss, and tracking weight gain is not a relevant short-term indicator of improvement in acute hyperthyroidism. Calcium levels: There is no evidence of calcium imbalance or parathyroid involvement, so monitoring calcium is not pertinent in this case.

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