A nurse in an urgent care clinic is caring for an infant who presents with vomiting. diarrhea. and decreased oral intake. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
Explanation & Rationale
A. Decreased temperature: Vomiting and diarrhea usually cause dehydration, but they do not typically lower body temperature. Infants may have a normal or slightly elevated temperature if an infection is present. B. Oliguria: Oliguria, or reduced urine output, is a key sign of dehydration in infants. Fluid loss from vomiting and diarrhea leads to decreased kidney perfusion, causing the kidneys to conserve water and produce less urine. C. Bulging anterior fontanel: A bulging anterior fontanel indicates increased intracranial pressure and is not a sign of dehydration. In contrast, dehydration often causes a sunken fontanel due to decreased fluid volume. D. Hypertension: Dehydration usually causes low blood pressure in infants because of decreased circulating blood volume. Hypertension is not expected in this situation and would suggest a different underlying issue.