A nurse in the newborn nursery is collecting data about a newborn's Moro reflex. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to elicit this reflex?

A. Turn the newborn's head quickly to one side while they are sleeping: Turning the head quickly elicits the tonic neck reflex (also called the “fencing reflex”), not the Moro reflex. This reflex causes the newborn to extend the arm and leg on the side the head is turned while flexing the opposite limbs. B. Place a finger in the newborn's palm: Placing a finger in the newborn’s palm elicits the palmar grasp reflex, causing the infant to curl their fingers around the object. It does not trigger the Moro reflex, which involves a startle response of the whole body. C. Clap hands after laying the newborn on a flat surface: The Moro reflex is elicited by a sudden loss of support or a startle stimulus, such as a loud clap or gentle dropping of the infant’s head slightly backward while lying on a flat surface. The newborn responds with abduction and extension of the arms, followed by adduction and often crying. D. Hold the newborn upright with one foot touching the crib surface: This action is used to elicit the stepping or walking reflex, in which the newborn makes stepping movements. It does not elicit the Moro reflex, which is a response to sudden displacement or loud stimuli.