A nurse in the pediatric clinic is discussing Piaget's theory of cognitive development with a newly licensed nurse. The nurse should review which of the following types of thinking that occurs during adolescent development?

A. Abstract thinking: Adolescents, according to Piaget’s formal operational stage, begin to develop abstract thinking. This includes the ability to reason about hypothetical situations, consider future possibilities, and apply logic beyond concrete experiences. B. Concrete thinking: Concrete operational thinking is typical in school-age children (ages 7–11). It involves logical reasoning about tangible objects and events but lacks the capacity for abstract or hypothetical reasoning, which is more characteristic of adolescence. C. Egocentric thinking: Egocentric thinking is more commonly associated with the preoperational stage (ages 2–7), where children struggle to see perspectives other than their own. While adolescents may display a form of egocentrism (e.g., personal fable, imaginary audience), this differs from the rigid egocentrism seen in younger children. D. Preoperational thinking: Preoperational thinking occurs in early childhood (ages 2–7) and includes symbolic play and intuitive reasoning. Adolescents have surpassed this stage and operate at a more advanced cognitive level that involves logical and abstract reasoning.