A nurse is administering hydromorphone to a client who is experiencing postoperative pain. Which of the following findings is an adverse effect of this medication?

Opioid medications can cause urinary retention by inhibiting the normal function of the bladder and reducing the urge to urinate. This can lead to incomplete emptying of the bladder and increased urine retention. Nurses should monitor clients receiving opioids for signs of urinary retention, such as decreased urine output, distended bladder, or discomfort in the lower abdomen. Opioids generally cause pupil constriction (miosis) rather than dilation (mydriasis). Dilated pupils may indicate other drug use or neurological issues, but they are not a typical adverse effect of hydromorphone. Hydromorphone is more likely to cause hypotension (low blood pressure) as an adverse effect rather than hypertension (high blood pressure). Hydromorphone can cause respiratory depression, which is characterized by decreased respiratory rate and depth. Tachypnea (rapid breathing) is not a typical adverse effect of hydromorphone.