A nurse is assessing a client following a head injury and a brief loss of consciousness. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
Explanation & Rationale
Choice A reason: An edematous bruise on the forehead is expected after a head injury and, while concerning, is not the most urgent finding. It indicates localized trauma but does not necessarily suggest intracranial complications like cerebrospinal fluid leakage, which poses a greater risk of infection or brain injury. Choice B reason: A Glasgow Coma Scale score of 14 indicates mild impairment (normal is 15), which is concerning but not the priority. Clear ear drainage suggesting cerebrospinal fluid leak is more urgent, as it indicates a potential skull fracture and risk of meningitis, requiring immediate reporting. Choice C reason: Pupils that are 4 mm and reactive to light are normal and not immediately concerning. This finding suggests intact cranial nerve function. Clear ear drainage, potentially cerebrospinal fluid, is a more critical sign of skull fracture or brain injury, warranting urgent provider notification. Choice D reason: Small drops of clear drainage in the ear are highly concerning, as they may indicate cerebrospinal fluid leakage from a basilar skull fracture post-head injury. This poses a risk of meningitis or brain infection, requiring immediate reporting to the provider for diagnostic imaging and intervention.