A nurse is assessing a client who has dehydration. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A. A urine osmolality of 200 mOsm/kg indicates dilute urine, which usually occurs with overhydration or excessive fluid intake. In dehydration, the body conserves water, and the kidneys produce concentrated urine with high osmolality, often exceeding 500–800 mOsm/kg, depending on severity. Low urine osmolality is inconsistent with dehydration. B. Cloudy urine is more commonly associated with urinary tract infections, proteinuria, or the presence of sediment or cells. While dehydration may slightly concentrate urine, it does not inherently cause cloudiness; clear but concentrated urine can occur in dehydration. C. Dark-colored urine is a hallmark sign of dehydration. When fluid intake is insufficient, the kidneys conserve water by concentrating urine, which increases its color, odor, specific gravity, and osmolality. Clients may also present with strong-smelling urine. This change in color is often one of the earliest and most noticeable indicators of dehydration in both adults and children. D. A urine specific gravity of 1.015 is within the normal range (approximately 1.005–1.030). In dehydration, the kidneys attempt to conserve water, resulting in higher specific gravity values, usually above 1.020–1.030, reflecting concentrated urine. A value of 1.015 would suggest relatively normal or only mildly concentrated urine, not severe dehydration.