A nurse is assessing a client who has Parkinson's disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse identity as manifestations of this disease process? Select all that apply

A. Shuffling gait: A shuffling gait is a classic motor manifestation of Parkinson’s disease caused by rigidity and bradykinesia. Clients often take small, hesitant steps with reduced arm swing, which increases fall risk and affects mobility. B. Resting tremor: Resting tremor, typically affecting the hands, fingers, or jaw, is one of the hallmark signs of Parkinson’s disease. It is most noticeable when the limb is at rest and decreases with voluntary movement. C. Hypertension: Hypertension is not a direct manifestation of Parkinson’s disease. While autonomic dysfunction can occur, it more commonly causes orthostatic hypotension rather than elevated blood pressure. D. Masklike facial expression: Reduced facial expressiveness, or “masklike” appearance, occurs due to rigidity of facial muscles. This is a characteristic symptom of Parkinson’s disease that affects nonverbal communication. E. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is not typically associated with Parkinson’s disease. Gastrointestinal issues in Parkinson’s more commonly involve constipation due to slowed gastrointestinal motility.