A nurse is assessing a client who has post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply)

Choice A reason: Clients with PTSD often hold persistent negative beliefs about themselves, which is a core symptom of the condition. These beliefs may include thoughts of being bad, unworthy, or responsible for the traumatic event. This negative self-perception can contribute to feelings of shame, guilt, and low self-esteem, which are common among individuals with PTSD. Choice B reason: Talking excessively is not typically associated with PTSD. While some individuals may talk more when they are anxious or trying to avoid certain thoughts, it is not a diagnostic criterion or a common finding in PTSD. Instead, individuals with PTSD may avoid talking about the traumatic event and may be withdrawn or socially isolated. Choice C reason: Blaming others for one's own mistakes is not a characteristic finding in PTSD. Individuals with PTSD may experience heightened irritability or anger, but this symptom does not specifically include blaming others for personal mistakes. It is more common for individuals with PTSD to have distorted perceptions of blame related to the traumatic event, often blaming themselves when it is not warranted. Choice D reason: Difficulty falling or staying asleep is a common symptom of PTSD. Sleep disturbances, including insomnia, nightmares, and restless sleep, are frequently reported by individuals with PTSD. These issues can be directly related to hyperarousal and intrusive thoughts or memories of the traumatic event. Choice E reason: Having difficulty concentrating on tasks is another symptom commonly seen in individuals with PTSD. This difficulty can be due to intrusive thoughts, hyperarousal, or general distress related to the traumatic event. It can affect various aspects of daily life, including work, school, and social interactions.