A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing anxiety. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Choice A reason: Anxiety typically causes peripheral vasoconstriction, not vasodilation, due to sympathetic nervous system activation. This “fight-or-flight” response increases catecholamine release, constricting peripheral blood vessels to redirect blood to vital organs. Vasodilation is more associated with relaxation or heat dissipation, not the heightened arousal state of anxiety, making this incorrect. Choice B reason: Hyperventilation is a common finding in anxiety, as the sympathetic nervous system stimulates rapid, shallow breathing to increase oxygen supply during perceived stress. This can lower carbon dioxide levels, causing respiratory alkalosis, dizziness, or tingling. It reflects the body’s attempt to prepare for action, making it a hallmark physiological response in anxiety. Choice C reason: Bradycardia, or slowed heart rate, is not typical in anxiety. Anxiety activates the sympathetic nervous system, increasing heart rate (tachycardia) to enhance blood flow to muscles and organs. Bradycardia is more associated with parasympathetic dominance, such as in relaxation or vagal stimulation, making it an incorrect finding for anxiety. Choice D reason: Drowsiness is not expected in anxiety, which is characterized by heightened alertness and arousal due to sympathetic activation. Anxiety typically causes restlessness, difficulty concentrating, or insomnia, as the body remains in a hypervigilant state. Drowsiness may occur in other conditions, like depression, but is not a primary feature of anxiety.