A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving opioid pain medication. Which respiratory rate finding requires the nurse's immediate intervention?

Rationale: A. The normal adult respiratory rate ranges from 12 to 20 breaths per minute. A rate of 20 is at the upper end of normal and generally does not indicate respiratory compromise. While the nurse should continue routine monitoring, no immediate intervention is necessary in this context. B. This is below the normal range and constitutes bradypnea, which is particularly concerning in a client receiving opioids. Opioid medications, such as morphine, hydromorphone, or fentanyl, can depress the central nervous system, leading to slowed or inadequate respirations. A respiratory rate of 8 breaths per minute indicates significant respiratory depression, which can result in hypoxia (low oxygen levels), hypercapnia (excess carbon dioxide), altered mental status, and potentially respiratory arrest if not addressed immediately. The nurse must take urgent action, which includes stopping or reducing the opioid if appropriate, stimulating the client to breathe, administering supplemental oxygen, monitoring oxygen saturation and vital signs, and notifying the prescribing provider. Early recognition and intervention are critical to prevent life-threatening complications. C. This falls within the normal adult range and does not indicate respiratory compromise. The nurse should continue standard monitoring but no immediate action is required. D. This is also within the normal adult range and reflects adequate ventilation. It does not necessitate immediate intervention.