A nurse is assessing a client's peripheral IV site for complications. Which of the following findings indicate phlebitis? (Select All that Apply.)

A. Normal appearance at insertion site is incorrect because a normal IV site shows no erythema, swelling, tenderness, or induration. Phlebitis presents with visible and palpable changes, so a normal-appearing site would not indicate phlebitis. B. Client reports no discomfort at the IV site is incorrect because pain or tenderness along the vein is a hallmark symptom of phlebitis. Lack of discomfort usually indicates the vein is healthy or the complication is absent. C. Swelling at the insertion site is correct because edema occurs due to inflammatory fluid accumulation in the tissues surrounding the vein. Swelling may appear as localized puffiness or a tight sensation around the IV site. D. Redness and warmth at the insertion site is correct because erythema and increased temperature indicate inflammation. The redness may extend along the course of the vein, and warmth occurs as part of the body’s inflammatory response. E. Increased firmness along the vein is correct because induration or a palpable cord-like structure along the vein often indicates thrombophlebitis, a more severe form where a clot forms within the inflamed vein. The vein may feel hard, cord-like, and tender on palpation.