A nurse is assessing a laboring client at term. The provider reports that the fetus is in a longitudinal lie based on abdominal palpation and ultrasound findings. Which fetal presentations are most consistent with a longitudinal lie? Select all that apply.

A. Oblique presentation: In an oblique lie, the fetal long axis is at an angle to the maternal long axis, neither fully longitudinal nor transverse. This position is considered unstable and not consistent with a true longitudinal lie. B. Frank breech presentation: In a frank breech presentation, the fetus’s buttocks present first while the legs are extended upward toward the head. The fetal spine remains parallel to the maternal spine, which defines a longitudinal lie. C. Transverse presentation: A transverse presentation occurs when the fetal long axis lies perpendicular to the maternal long axis. This represents a transverse, not longitudinal, lie and prevents vaginal delivery unless the lie is corrected. D. Compound presentation: In a compound presentation, an extremity presents alongside the head or breech, but the underlying lie can vary. It is not classified solely by lie and may occur in either a longitudinal or oblique position. E. Shoulder presentation: In a shoulder presentation, the fetal shoulder or arm presents first, which occurs with a transverse lie. The fetal spine runs perpendicular to the maternal spine, inconsistent with a longitudinal lie. F. Cephalic (vertex) presentation: In a cephalic or vertex presentation, the fetal head presents first, and the fetal spine is parallel to the maternal spine, representing a typical longitudinal lie and the most common presentation at term.