A nurse is assessing a patient suspected of having hyperthyroidism. Which of the following symptoms would support this diagnosis? (Select all that apply.)
Explanation & Rationale
Hyperthyroidism is endocrine disorder characterized by excessive thyroid hormone secretion (T3, T4) from Graves disease, toxic multinodular goiter or thyroiditis causing hypermetabolic state with weight loss, tachycardia, heat intolerance, diarrhea. Rationale: A. Diarrhea reflects increased gastrointestinal motility in thyrotoxicosis state often present. Excess thyroid hormones accelerate intestinal transit via sympathetic stimulation effects. Common in Graves disease and toxic nodular goiter patients seen. Leads to fluid loss, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance clinically observed. B. Constipation indicates reduced gastrointestinal motility typical of hypothyroidism state presentation. Decreased thyroid hormones slow intestinal peristalsis causing stool retention clinically. Opposite of hyperthyroidism which increases bowel frequency and motility signs. Not consistent with thyrotoxicosis therefore incorrect diagnostic indicator finding present. C. Bradycardia reflects slowed heart rate seen in hypothyroidism cases commonly. Hyperthyroidism typically causes tachycardia due to increased metabolic demand state. Excess thyroid hormones enhance beta adrenergic receptor sensitivity clinically observed. Therefore bradycardia contradicts expected sympathetic overactivity findings in hyperthyroidism state present here. D. Unintentional weight loss results from increased basal metabolic rate state. Thyroid hormones increase lipolysis and protein catabolism significantly clinically evident. Seen in Graves disease and toxic nodular hyperthyroidism conditions present. Patients often exhibit weight loss despite increased appetite intake state. E. Heat intolerance occurs due to hypermetabolic state and thermogenesis increase. Excess thyroid hormones increase oxygen consumption and heat production levels. Patients experience sweating, warm skin, and heat sensitivity frequently seen. Classic finding in hyperthyroidism distinguishing from hypothyroid cold intolerance state.