A nurse is assessing an elderly patient who exhibits signs of physical and emotional abuse. What are the appropriate steps the nurse should take? (Select all that apply)

Choice A reason: Ignoring complaints dismisses potential abuse, risking further harm. Abuse in elderly patients can elevate cortisol, exacerbating stress-related disorders. Scientifically, neglecting signs fails to address trauma’s neurobiological impact, potentially worsening psychological and physical health, as unaddressed abuse increases vulnerability to depression or injury. Choice B reason: Asking family to leave without explanation may escalate tension without addressing abuse. Scientifically, abrupt actions could increase patient stress, elevating cortisol and complicating assessment. A structured approach, like a thorough evaluation, is needed to confirm abuse and ensure safety without triggering defensive reactions from potential abusers. Choice C reason: A thorough assessment and documentation identify abuse signs, like bruises or emotional distress, guiding interventions. Scientifically, this evaluates stress-related physiological changes, like elevated cortisol, ensuring accurate reporting to authorities. Detailed records support legal and medical actions, protecting the patient from further harm and aiding recovery. Choice D reason: Emotional support reduces anxiety and builds trust, calming amygdala-driven stress responses. Scientifically, reassurance lowers cortisol levels, stabilizing emotional regulation in abused elderly patients. This fosters a safe environment, encouraging disclosure and supporting psychological recovery from trauma-induced mental health challenges, enhancing overall well-being. Choice E reason: Collaborating with social services ensures a safety plan, addressing immediate risks. Scientifically, this mitigates chronic stress from abuse, reducing cortisol and amygdala hyperactivity. Safety plans provide resources like shelters, protecting patients from further harm and supporting psychological stability by addressing trauma’s neurobiological impact.